Informatics Publishing Limited

Ajay Kr. Meena ¹, Brijendra Singh ², Uttam Singh ², Ajay Kr. Yadav ², Amit Nagariya ², Kiran Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Patiala -147001, Punjab, IN
2 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut, UP, IN

Abstract

The medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in their day to day practice. Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mention the use of plants in treatment of various human ailments. The leaves and seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn or fenugreek (known as Methi in Hindi), a small herb seen throughout India, have been recommended for the treatment of carminative, diuretics, small-pox, dysentery and also useful in the making of tonic. In folk medicine, Trigonella foenum-graecum has been used in the treatment of boils, cellulitis, and tuberculosis. The Trigonella foenumgraecum Linn. has also been suggested to possess Cholesterol-lowering effects, Glucose-lowering effects, Anti-inflammatory effects, Antioxidant effects and Antitumor actions.

Keywords

Medicinal Plants, Trigonella Foenum Graecum Linn., Antioxidant, Ayurveda.

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A. K. Meena ¹, Kiran Sharma ², Vikas Jain ², Bhavana Pal ², K. Ajit ¹, Uttam Singh ², R. Singh ¹, M. M. Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Patiala–47001, Punjab, IN
2 Shobhit University, Meerut, UP, IN

Abstract

The present communication attempts to evaluate the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the fruit of Tribulus terrestries Linn. Zygophyllaceae family.

Tribulus terrestries is an annual or perennial, prostrate herb with many slender, spreading branches and silky-villous young parts. The plant grows wild throughout India, the shrub thrives in well irrigated black soil upto attitudes of 3000m. Tribulus terrestries is traditionally used in the formulation for antiurolithiatic activity, anthelmintic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, cardiac activity, aphrodisiac activity etc.

As there is no detailed standardisation work reported on fruit, the physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical constants, toxic heavy metals, pesticide residue, and aflatoxin analysis are carried out. The study revealed specific identities for the particular crude drug which will be useful in identification and control to adulterations of the raw drug.

Keywords

Extractive Values, Ayurvedic Drug, Toxic Metals, Physicochemical Studies.

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A. K. Meena ¹, Ayushy Sachan ², Brijendra Singh ², Ramanjeet Kaur ², Bhavana Pal ², A. K. Yadav ², Uttam Singh ², Kiran ², M. M. Rao ²

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Patiala – 147001, Punjab, IN
2 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut, U.P., IN

Abstract

The present paper deals with the medicinal plants used by the people for curing different skin ailments and for cosmetics. Cosmetic have become part of our routine. Their used has increased significantly in recent years however the continuous use of cosmetics over prolonged time may result into various undesirable effects, which may be serious at time. This review is an attempt to trace out the different cosmetic plants used over centuries.

Keywords

Cosmetic, Skin, Medicinal Plants, People.

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Ajay Kumar Meena ¹, Uttam Singh ², Arjun Singh ³, Sudeep Mishra ³, M. M. Rao ¹, M. M. Padhi ³, Ramesh Babu ³, A. Gaurav ²

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Patiala- 147001, Punjab, IN
2 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut, UP, IN
3 Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS), Janakpuri, Delhi-110058, IN

Abstract

Vitex negundo Linn (Five-leaved chaste tree), Hindi-Nirgundi, Sanskrit-Sindhuvara, Tamil and Malyalam-Vennochi, Telugu-Nalla vavili and Punjabi-Marwan (Family: Verbenaceae), is an important medicinal plant found throughout India. All parts of this plant especially the leaf and ischolar_main extracts are being used in various formulations in Ayurveda and Unani systems of medicine. Vitex negundo Linn is pungent, bitter and astringent in taste and according to Ayurveda , it alleviates vata and kapha doshas, but aggravates pitta dosha. It possesses light and dry attributes. Its leaves and seeds are widely used externally for rheumatism and inflammations of joints and also reported to have insecticidal properties. Internally, decoction of its leaves is taken as diuretic, expectorant, vermifuge, tonic and febrifuge. The chemical components of the essential oil of leaf isolated from the plant are used to treat colds and coughing spells. Vitex negundo Linn is used in Classical Ayurvedic Preparations like Nirgundi kalka, Nirgundi ghrta, Nirgundi kvatha, Vranasodhana taila, Visagarbha taila etc. The evaluation studies of Pharmacopoeial standards, phytochemical parameters suggested that the observed physiochemical parameters are of great value in quality control and formulation development of Vitex negundo Linn. Physicochemical parameters like preliminary characteristics, toxic heavy metals, and aflatoxin analysis were carried out. The study revealed that the results on different parameters of the crude drug will be useful in identification and control of adulterations.

Keywords

Ayurveda, Vitex negundo Linn, Toxic Metals, Aflatoxin and Quality Control.

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A. K. Meena ¹, M. M. Rao ¹, Kiran Sharma ², Ajay Yadav ², Uttam Singh ², Amit ¹

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Patiala-147001, Punjab, IN
2 Shobhit University, Meerut, UP, IN

Abstract

The present communication attempts to evaluate the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae family. Haritaki is semi-deciduous tree grows up to 24 meter in height. Terminalia Chebula is found throughout India chiefly in deciduous forests, on dry slopes up to 900m especially in Tamil Nadu, widely distributed through the greater parts of India, from Ravi eastwards to West Bengal and Assam, Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Deccan, West coast and Western Ghats. The plant is also reported in Sri Lanka, Nepal and Burma. Terminalia chebula is traditionally used in the formulation for anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, laxative, antiinflammatory, laxative, anti-fungal, cardiotonic, diuretic, hyperlipidemic activity. As there is no detailed standardisation work reported on fruit, the physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical constants, toxic heavy metals, pesticide residue, and aflatoxin analysis are carried out. The study revealed specific identities for the particular crude drug which will be useful in identification and control to adulterations of the raw drug.

Keywords

Extractive Values, Ayurvedic Drug, Toxic Metals, Physicochemical Studies.

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Priyanka Mukherjee ¹, Amarjit Karam ¹, Uttam Singh ¹, Amit Kumar Chakraborty ¹, Surmani Huidrom ¹, Arnab Sen ¹, Indu Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam-793103, Meghalaya, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, IN

Abstract

Aim: A pilot study was carried out to find out the seroprevalence of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRS) in pig population of Meghalaya.
Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from piglets of 40–45 days age group, growers, and sows reared under organized and unorganized management in 11 districts of Meghalaya situated in the Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo hills divisions in the time period of 2014-2016 from apparently healthy and suspected pigs. Seroprevalence of PCV2, CSFV, and PRRS specific antibodies was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: A total of 1899 serum samples were collected and screened using antibody ELISA kits specific for PCV2, CSFV, and PRRS. The highest antibody prevalence during the selected time periods was detected for PCV2 (80.8% in 2014, 79.1% in 2015, and 96.2% in 2016) followed by CSFV (76.4% in 2014, 66.09% in 2015, and 25.5% in 2016) and PRRS (2.8% in 2014, 2.7% in 2015, and 3.62% in 2016). The result indicates high seroprevalence for PCV2, which can be considered as an inducement factor due to the immunosuppressive nature of the virus, for animals being susceptible to other pathogens in farms where airborne transmission of PCV2 and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome among animals reared in close pens can be a major possibility.
Conclusion: The data from this study indicates ubiquitous prevalence of PCV2 antibodies in the farm animals along with the endemic presence of swine fever and emergence of PRRS in an organized farm. There are few reports regarding PCV2 infections/outbreaks in pigs associated with reproductive failure from northern and southern part of India, but till date, there are no reports regarding concomitant infection of CSFV and PCV2 from India. Considerable high seropositivity of PCV2 indicates the need for high impact hygiene practice in farms, routine seromonitoring and implementation the vaccination program. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first documented report on the seroprevalence of PCV2, CSFV, and PRRS from pig population of Meghalaya.

Keywords

Antibody, Classical Swine Fever Virus, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Meghalaya, Porcine circovirus, Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus, Seroprevalence, Virus.

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